Most IMP Interview Questions for Chemical Engineer/Bsc/Msc/Diploma/B.Pharm/M.Pharma.- For Freshers and experience both

Most IMP Interview Questions for Chemical Engineer/Bsc/Msc/Diploma/B.Pharm/M.Pharma.- For Freshers and experience both INTERVIEW QUESTIONS F...

Most IMP Interview Questions for Chemical Engineer/Bsc/Msc/Diploma/B.Pharm/M.Pharma.- For Freshers and experience both

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS For Chemical engineering students

1. Define Unit operation.

Useful Physical changes that occur in the chemical industry is known as a Unit Operation.

Example: Distillation, Filtration, Drying, Extraction, Gas absorption, Crystallization, etc.

2. Define the Unit process.

Useful Chemical changes with or without physical change occur in the chemical industry are known as a Unit Process.

Example: - Oxidation, Reduction, Alkylation, Sulfonation, Chlorination, etc.

3. Define Boiling Point and Bubble Point.

Boiling Point: -It is a temperature of a liquid at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure.

Bubble Point: -It is a temperature at which first bubble of vapour is formed.

4. When does liquid boil?

When the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure at that time liquid is boil.

5. Define: - Volatile Liquid.

It is a tendency of a liquid to vaporize.

6. Acetone and water out of this which is more volatile and why?

Acetone is more volatile than water because of boiling point of acetone (56.7 °C) is low compa re to boiling point of water (100° C)

7. What is the Relative Volatility?

It is a ratio of concentration of more volatile component in vapour phase to liquid phase is called Relative Volatility

8. What is important of Relative Volatility?

For separation of liquid mixture using distillation, Relative volatility should be more than 1.

9. Why is Reflux done in distillation column? and Define Reflux Ratio.

For Increasing product purity.

Reflux: -It is amount of distillate which is resend to distillation column is known as a reflux.

Reflux Ratio: -Reflux ratio is the ratio of the portion of the overhead liquid product from a distillation column that is returned to the upper part of column to the portion of liquid collected as distillate.

10. What is effect of reflux ratio on the no. of plate required in distillation column?

At high reflux ratio no. of plate required less (Small column height) and at low reflux ratio no. of plate required more (Large column height).

11. Define Distillation, Simple distillation, Steam distillation, vacuum distillation, Azeotropic distillation, Extractive distillation and Fractional distillation?

 Distillation: – Distillation is unit operation in which liquid mixture is separated based on their boiling point difference and relative volatility by means of thermal energy.

 Simple Distillation: – when the boiling point difference of two liquid in mixture is high then we can use simple distillation.

Ex: – A mixture of acetone (B.P. – 57 ˚c) & water (B.P. – 100 ˚c) can be separated by simple distillation because boiling point difference is high.

 Steam distillation: – Steam distillation is used for

- Separating high boiling components from Nonvolatile impurities by using steam.

- For separating high boiling fraction where there are chances of decomposition of material at high temperature.

 Vacuum Distillation: – It is the type of distillation in which the liquid mixture is to be distilled out in the vacuum which is less than the atmospheric pressure.

 Azeotropic Distillation: – (When Boiling point difference is very low)

In Azeotropic distillation a third component called entrainer is added to the mixture which forms a new low boiling azeotrope with one of the components which is distilled out first.

Ex – Acetic acid (B.P. – 115 ˚c) and water (B.P. - 100 ˚c) mixture, the butyl acetate (B.P. – 90 ˚c) is added as entrainer and it forms azeotrope with water in the mixture. Water and butyl acetate is distilled out while acetic acid is remain as residue.

 Extractive Distillation: - Also used when boiling point difference is very close

In Extractive distillation solvent is added which alter the relative volatility of the original components, thus permitting separation.

Ex – In Toluene (B.P – 111 ˚c) and Iso-octane (B.P. – 100 ˚c) liquid mixture, phenol (B.P. – 182 ˚c) is added as solvent, Iso-octane is removed as distillate and toluene and phenol removed as residue.

 Fractional Distillation: – It is used for separating more than two components from the liquid mixture

Ex – Crude oil

12. What is principle of vacuum distillation & Define Vacuum?

Vacuum is pressure less than atmospheric pressure, when it is applied at that time liquid boils before its boiling point.

Vacuum: – Pressure below the atmospheric pressure is called vacuum.

13. MSDS (Three or Four sentences)

MSDS – Material safety data sheet. It includes…

- Product information

- Hazard information

- Fire and explosive hazardness

- First aid measure

- Safety information

14. State Boyle law, Charles law, Gay-Lussac law?

Boyle law: – For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure.

V α 1/p T – Constant

Charles law: - For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature.

V α T P – Constant

Gay-Lussac law: - For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature.

P α T V – Constant

15. What is the value of Avogadro number & It’s Significance?

Avogadro number is the defined as the number of particle (Molecule, atoms, compound) per moles of substance.

Value of Avogadro number is 6.022 × 1023 Mol-1, and expressed as the symbol NA.

16. Define Freezing point? Write the Freezing point of Methanol, Ethanol, Benzene, Acetone, Toluene?

Freezing point: – The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid when cooled.

Component

Freezing Point

Methanol

- 97.6 ˚C

Ethanol

-114 ˚C

Benzene

5.5 ˚C

Acetone

-95 ˚C

Toluene

-94.99 ˚C

17. Define Moles & Mole fraction.

Mole: – It is the number of molecule present in molecular weight of substance.

Mole Fraction: – It is the ratio of the moles of individual components to the total moles of compound.

18. Define Normality, Molarity, Molality.

 Normality: – Normality is defined as the number of equivalents weight of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.

 Molarity: – Molarity is defined as the number of molecular weight of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.

 Molality: – Molality is defined as the number of molecular weight of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solution.

19. Define Enthalpy. Write the two units of Enthalpy.

Enthalpy is defined as thermodynamic state function denoted by letter “H”, that consists of internal energy system (U) plus product Pressure (P) & Volume(V) of the system.

H = U + pV

Unit - Joule, Calories

20. Write driving force in Mass transfer operation, Heat transfer operation, Momentum transfer operation.

 Mass transfer operation: – Transfer of mass from higher concentration to lower concentration.

 Heat transfer operation: – Transfer of heat from higher temperature to lower temperature.

 Momentum transfer operation: – Transfer of fluid from higher velocity to lower velocity.

Momentum – Mass × Velocity

21. Define: Absolute Viscosity, Kinematic Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity, Heat Capacity, and Heat Transfer.

 Absolute(Dynamic/shear) Viscosity: -The resistance offered by a fluid under a shear stress.

Unit: - Kg(M.S) and Poise.

 Kinematic Viscosity: -It’s the ratio of the viscosity of the fluid to it density.

Unit: - 1 Stoke =1 Cm2S and M2S

 Thermal Conductivity: - Thermal conductivity is a measurement of the ability of a substance to conduct heat.

Unit: - W/(M.K) , J/(Sec.m.K)

 Heat Capacity: - The amount of heat needed to rise the system’s temperature by one degree.

Unit: -JK

 Heat transfer: - Amount of heat transfer per unit area per unit time.

Unit: -W/(M2.K) and J/(M2.S.K)

22. Define the Specific Heat.

Specific Heat: - The amount of heat required for rise one degree temperature per unit mass.

Unit: - J(Kg.K)

23. Difference between drying and evaporation.

DRYING

-Small amount of solvent removed.

-Remove solvent below boiling point.

-Main purpose to get dried product

EVAPORATION

-Large amount of solvent removed.

-Remove solvent below boiling point.

-Main purpose to increasing concentration of product.

24. Name any four dryers along with one application in each case.

1. Tray Dryer: -used in dyes and pharmaceuticals industry.

2. Spray Dryer: -used in detergent and food industry.

3. Fluidized Bed Dryer (FBD): - used in pharmaceuticals industry.

4. Rotary Dryer: -Cement industry.

5. Roto Cone Vacuum Dryer(RCVD): -Pharmaceuticals industry.

25. Which types of evaporator used in concentrating fruit juice.

Multiple effect evaporator

26. Write difference between single effect and multiple effect evaporator.

 In multiple effect evaporator vapour coming out from 1st evaporator is use as feed for 2nd evaporator. While in single effect evaporator vapour coming out from evaporator is going to condenser and discard.

 Cost of multiple effect evaporator is higher than single effect evaporator.

 Multiple effect evaporator is use in large scale operation.

27. Write difference between Forward feed and Backward feed evaporation.

Forward Feed Evaporator

-Flow of solution and steam is in parallel direction.

-It’s not required pump.

-In this process heating of feed in first effect.

-maintenance charge and power costs is less.

-Get less thick liquor.

Backward Feed evaporator

-Flow of solution and steam is in counter current direction.

-It’s required pump.

-In this process heating of feed in each effect.

-maintenance charge and power costs is high.

-Get thick liquor.

28. Define Humidity. Write the name of one equipment use for measuring humidity.

 Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air.

Relative Humidity: - It’s the ratio of the amount of moisture in the air to the maximum amount of moisture that could exist in the air at a specific temperature.

Specific Humidity: - It’s the ratio of the mass of moisture in the mixture to mass of moisture in air.

Measuring equipment: - Hygrometer

Hydrometer: -A hydrometer is an instrument that measure the specific gravity (relative density) of liquid.

29. Give Boiling Point of ….

Methanol 64.7° C

Ethanol 78.3° C

Benzene 80.1° C

Toluene 110.6° C

Isopropyl alcohol 82.6 °C

Ethyl acetate 77.1° C

30. Write the name of strong acid and strong base.

Strong Acid

1. HClO4 - Perchloric Acid
2. HCl - Hydrochloric Acid
3. H2SO4- Sulfuric Acid
4. HNO3 - Nitric Acid

Strong Base

1. NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide
2. KOH – Potassium Hydroxide
3. Ca(OH)2 - Calcium Hydroxide
4. Ba(OH)2 – Barium Hydroxide

31. Out of phenol and acetic acid, which is more acidic?

Acetic acid is more acidic than phenol

32. Define Saponification.

When an oil or fat is boiled with a solution of caustic soda, the resultant product are soap and glycerin. The chemical reaction is called saponification.

Oil + caustic soda ------ soap + glycerin

33. Define pH.

It is the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ion.

pH = -log[H+] Or pH = -log[H3O+]

potency of H+ in solution.

34. Give difference between aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Aromatic Compound

• They are contain Aromatic ring or benzene ring.
• They are always cyclic.
• They are always unsaturated.
• They are conjugated due to the presence of alternating double bond.

Aliphatic Compound

• They are organic chemical compound without benzene ring.
• They are linear and cyclic.
• They are saturated and unsaturated.
• The majority of aliphatic compound are not conjugated.

35. Define: - Valancy.

The no. of unpaired electron removed or gained in the outer most shell to attained the stability, known as valancy.

Nitrogen -03

Carbon -04 Oxygen-02

36. Is Ammonia is base or acid?

Ammonia is weak base because of lower conc. of H+ ion.

37. Give examples of weak acid and weak base.

Weak acid

• HCOOH (formic acid)
• CH3COOH (acetic acid)
• HF(hydrogen fluoride)
• H2S (hydrogen sulfide)

Weak Base

• NH3 (ammonia)
• C5H5N (pyridine)
• NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide)
• N(CH3)3 (Trimethyl ammonia)

38. Difference between Corrosion and erosion.

Corrosion: - It is natural process in which degraded the useful property of material such as strength, structure. It occurs in metal but sometimes in polymer.

Erosion: - it is action of surface process that removes soil, rocks or dissolves material from the one location to another.

39. What is optically active compound?

A compound capable of rotating the place of vibration of polarized light to right & left used of molecule and atom.

40. What are inert gases? Why they are inert? Give the names of 4 inert gases.

An inert gas is a gas which does not undergo chemical reactions under a set of given conditions.

Inert gases are generally used to avoid unwanted chemical reactions degrading the sample. These undesirable chemical reactions are often oxidation & hydrolysis with oxygen and moisture in air.

Purified ARGON and NITROGEN gases are most commonly used as inert gases. Other inert gases are NEONE, HELIUM, CO2.

41. What is dry ice?

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide.

It is used primarily as a cooling agent.

42. Which dryer is used in detergent production?

Spray dryer

43. Write 2 oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

Oxidizing agents: - KMnO4 , K2Cr2O7 , H2O2 , OZONE

Reducing agents: - LiAlH4 , NaBH4 , Na2S2O3 , KI

44. Difference between Reversible and Irreversible chemical reactions.

In reversible reaction, reactants react to form a new product & are get back the original product or reactant. While in irreversible reaction, it’s impossible to get back original product or reactant.

In reversible reaction, changes take place very slowly through a series of intermediate step in the equilibrium state. While in irreversible reaction, there is no equilibrium state.

45. Define Fire Point and Flash Point. What is the importance of determination of Fire Point?

Flash Point: - It is the lowest temperature at which vapour of fluid will produce a flash by open flame.

Fire Point: -It is the lowest temperature at which the vapour of fluid will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by open flame.

46. Define Density. Give unit of density.

Density: - The density of substance is its mass per unit volume.

Unit: - Kg/m3

Specific Gravity: - It is the ratio of density of sub. to the density of reference sub.(water).

It is unit less.

47. What is the function of Manometer?

Manometers are simplest pressure measuring device. They are used for measuring Low Pressure or Pressure Difference.

48. Give 3 units of Temperature & Pressure.

Temperature: - 0C , K , 0F

Pressure: - Pa, N/m2, Kg/m.s2

49. Why Earthing is provided in Solvent line?

When fluid flows , the static charge will produce. It is enough to ignite solvent. So there is chance of explosion. To avoid this, earthing is provided in solvent line.

50. Which acid is present in milk, lemon juice & vinegar?

In milk - lactic acid (pH = 6.5 – 6.7)

In lemon juice - Citric acid (pH = 2.0)

In Vinegar - Acetic acid (5 to 10% Acetic Acid in H2O)

51. Name any four type of pipe fitting & it’s application.

Name of pipe fitting

Application

• Valve to regulate flow
• Elbow to change the direction of flow
• Tee & cross to combine or divide fluid flow
• Plugs to terminating flow
• Nipple to join two tubes
• Reducers to change the diameter of pipe (to reduce the diameter of Pipe)

52. Define: -Conduction, Convection & Radiation?

Conduction: - It is heat transfer from one body to another body which is in physical contact with it .it is restricted to solid.

Eg. Heat flow through wall of furnace

Convection: - It is heat transfer from one point to another point within a fluid by mixing of hot & cold portion of fluid. It is restricted by fluid. (liquid & gas)

Eg_ heating of water in beaker

Radiation: - It is heat transfer from one body to another body by electromagnetic waves., which not in contact with it, it is not required any medium.

Eg. Heat flow from sun to earth.

53. Give full form of COD, BOD, TDS, PPM, CGMP & GMP.

COD-Chemical Oxygen Demand

The amount of oxygen present in water consume during two hrs by the organic and inorganic contaminant

BOD-Biological Oxygen Demand

BOD is the amount of dissolve oxygen needed by biological organism to break down organic material present in one liter water during five days at 20 degree Celsius.

TDS- Total dissolved solid

PPM- Parts per million

CGMP-Current good manufacturing practice.

GMP-Good manufacturing practice.

GLP-Good laboratory Practice.

54. What is fire triangle?

The fire triangle is a simple way of understanding the element of a fire.

55. What is the main Constituent of coffee?

Caffine

56. What is soap?

When fatty acid (or oil) heated with alkali like NaOH to produce salt is called soap.

Soap are the anionic surfactant.

Oil or fatty acid + NaOH soap + glycerol

RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa +H2O

F.A soap

57. Which product will obtain by hydrolysis of sucrose?

Glucose & fructose

C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

SUCROSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE

58. CHEMICAL FORMULA OF SUCROSE & FRUCTOSE.

C12H22O11 - sucrose C6H12O6 – fructose

59. Write the main component of table sugar?

SUCROSE(C11H22O11) is a main component.

60. Give the name of table salt?

NaCl

61. Name of catalyst used in Chlorination and Hydrogenation?

AlCl3, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 is used in Chlorination

Pt, Fe and raney Ni is used in Hydrogenation

62. Define atomic no. And atomic Weight.

1- Atomic No. (Z): -The no. of protons in the nucleus of atom is called Atomic no.

2- Atomic Weight: - the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of atom is called atomic weight.

63. Define 𝝈 and 𝝅 bond. how many 𝝈 and 𝝅 bond in butanol?

𝝈 bond: - This type of covalent bond formed by the end to end overlap of bonding orbital. Along the inter nuclear axis. this is called as head on overlap axial.

𝝅 bond: - In the formation of 𝜋 bond the atomic orbital overlap in such a way that their axes remain parallel to each other end perpendicular to the inter nuclear axis.

Butanol have 14 𝝈 bond, no 𝜋 bond

64. Write chemical formula of: -

Acetone: - C3H6O

MEK: - C4H8O

ACETIC ACID: - C2H4O2

65. Compare sieve plate and bubble cap column.

As the bubble cap disperses the gas phase into fine bubble and allows these bubbles to flow horizontally and then vertically through pool of liq. Gas liq. Contact is very efficient

Gas-liquid contact in sieve plate is poor compared to bubble cap as the gas is directed vertically. the pressure drop in sieve plate is less than that in bubble cap column.

66. Define leaf filter and plate filter.

Leaf filter: -These filters provide large surface area by using varieties of filter leaves and do not require complete disassembly for cleaning that is necessary with plate end frame filter press. 

The filter leaf in general consist of a heavy wire drainage screen mounted in a tubular frame which acts as support and filtrate conduit. The slurry to be filtered fills the space around the leaf by applying pressure on the slurry or vacuum within the leaf. In either case the filter cake builds upon the outside of leaf and filtrate passes from within the leaf to the filtrate discharge system.

Plate filter: - slurry to be filtered is pumped through the feed channel. If runs into the chamber and fills the chamber completely the pressure goes on increase. The solid are deposited on the filter cloth. 

The two cake is formed simultaneously in chamber. The press is then dismantled and the cake of solid scrapped off from each plate and dropped to a conveyor or strange bin. Than it is washing simply and discharge the filtrate.

68. What is crystallization? Give Name of crystallizers.

Crystallization: - It is the unit operation in which purification and producing the crystal from liquid mixture.

Name of crystallizers: - 

1. Vacuum crystallizer

2. Agitated tank crystallizer

3. Swenson-walker crystallizer

4. Draft tube crystallizer

69. Difference between Distillation and Extraction.

Both are used for separating liquid mixtures in liquid extraction the separation is done into 2 liquid phase while in distillation the separation is done into a liquid phase & vapour phase.

Distillation

• Relative volatility should be more than 1
• Gives pure product
• Thermal energy has to be supplied
• It is suitable for low boiling point and boiling point different if high.
• Distillation is costlier
• It also required distillation For separation of Extract Solution.
• weeping in distillation column

Extraction

• Selectivity should be more than 1
• Does not give pure product
• It can be carried out at room temperature
• It is suitable for heat sensitive materials

70. Distinguish between latent heat & sensible heat.

Latent heat: -latent heat is the enthalpy change associated with temperature change of a body along with phase change.

Sensible heat: -the enthalpy change associated with temperature change of a body in the same phase.

71. What is ISO & kaizen?

ISO: - ISO (International Organization for standardization) is an international standards- setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

Kaizen: - It is Japanese word that refers to activities that continuously improve all functions & involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers.

72. Heat transfer from sun to earth is ……

Radiation.

73. which is strong acid …..

(A) HNO3 (B) NaOH (C) CaSO4 (D) NH3

74. In copper & steel which has more thermal conductivity?

Copper

75. Ability of a liquid to vaporize is called…….

Volatility

76. Which is Unit process ……

(A) Mixing (B) alkylation (C) distillation (D) decantation

77. Accumulation of solid on the filter is called….

(A) filter aid (B) filter cake (C)filter media

78. Define elementary reaction & non-elementary reaction.

Elementary reaction:-It is chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form of products in single step & with single transition state.

Non-elementary reaction: - A reaction that can be broken down into a number of steps. the rate of reaction will be determined only by the reactants involved in the slowest steps.

79. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10gm NaOH in water to make 250ml solution. What is normality& molarity of solution?

For normality=> 1N = Equivalent Wt. =1000ml

1N = 40/4 = 250 ml solution

1N = 10gm = 250gm

For molarity=> 1M = Molecular weight = 1000ml.

1M = 40/4 =1000/4

1M = 10 =250 ml solution

80. Section above feed point in distillation column is….

Rectifying Section

81. Section below feed point in distillation column is….

Striping section

82. What do u mean by LD50? And give its unit…

The amount of toxic agent sufficient to kill 50% of a population of tested animals usually within a certain time is called LD50.

83. Comparing reciprocating & centrifugal pump: -

Centrifugal pump

• simple in construction
• Requires less floor are
• Suitable for large discharge
• can handle dirty water
• Continuous delivery
• Need priming
• Less efficiency

Reciprocating pump

• Complicated in construction
• Requires more floor area
• Suitable for small discharge
• Cannot handle dirty water
• Pulsating delivery
• Does not need priming
• High efficiency

84. How many kg. of NaOH is required to neutralize 100 kg of 38.5% HCl solution.

85. What is cloud point & pure point. 

Cloud point: -Cloud point refers to the temperature below which wax in diesel or biowax in biodiesels form a cloudy appearance. 

Pour point: -The pour point of a liquid is the temperature at which it becomes semi solid and loses its flow characteristics. 

86. What is the full form of NPSH? 

Net Positive Suction Head 

87. What is the range of NPSH? 

More then 1 

88. Define Cavitation in pump? How can remove cavitation? 

If the pressure in the suction line is less than the vapour pressure of the liquid some of the liquid flashes into vapour creating gas pockets is called… & it’s remove by priming & increase suction pressure head. 

89. Why are fins used in heat exchangers? 

To Increase Surface area.

90. Why are multipass heat exchanger are used in industry?

The multipass provides more heat transfer in given space. This type of heat exchanger consists of a shell with a bundle of tubes inside it.

91. how hard water can be softened?

 by zeolite process

 ion exchanger requires

 lime softening

 reverse osmosis

 on boiling

92. MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone), Phenol, Aniline- which is aliphatic?

MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)

93. When do you use gear pump?

The gear pump is commonly used in the chemical industry for handling high viscosity liquids including molasses, paints, and greases.

94. Define redox reaction with example.

Chemical reaction which involves both oxidation as well as reduction process simultaneously, are known as redox reaction.

Sncl2 +2fecl3 Sncl4 +2fecl2

Sn2+ Sn4+ (oxidation)

fe3+ fe2+ ( reduction)

95. What is the function of catalyst in chemical industry?

A catalyst speed of chemical reaction by providing an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. Since the activation energy is lower, more product will be formed in the same amount of time.

96. Define Exothermic & Endothermic reaction.

Exothermic reaction: - a reaction which release the heat energy.

Endothermic reaction: - a reaction which absorb the heat energy.

97. Define Solvent, Solute, Solution.

Solution: - A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

Solute: - A substance which is dissolved in solvent is called solute.

Solvent: - The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent.

98. What is the function of cooling tower?

Cooling tower is used to dispose of unwanted heat from chiller. Water cooled chillers are normally more energy efficient than air cooled chillers.

99. What is RTD?

Resistance temperature detectors. It is used for measure temperature.

100. What is Grignard reagent?

It is organomagnesium halides (R-Mg X)

101. What is wilkinson’s catalyst?

It is used as catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes.

Formula: -RhCl(PPh3)3

102. What is corrosion inhibitor?

A substance that decreases the rate of metal oxidation.

103. What is shear stress and shear strain?

Shear stress: - shear stress is stress (external force) acting on an object or surface parallel to the slope or plane.

τ = F/A

F= force applied A= cross sectional area of material

Shear strain: - Deformation of solid due to stress.

ε = di/Io

di = change of length Io = initial length

104. Match the correct answer.

1)Raynolds number – fluid of measurement

2)Fouling – Rotary disk Contactor

3)Aldol condensation – dimerization reaction for aldehyde and ketone.

4)Diels alder reaction – Reaction for making ring

5)Hofman elimination – Less highly substitute alkenes is major product.

105. What is ternary compound?

A chemical compound that is made up of three different elements.

106. What is wax?

Wax is form of liquid substance. it is made from long chain hydrocarbon compound.

107. What is salt?

Salt is chemical compound which is obtained by neutralization of acidic and basic substance.

108. What is osmosis process?

The process by which solvent molecules of solution move from higher concentration to lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.it is called osmosis process.

109. Full form of UEL and LEL.

UEL: -Upper Explosive Limit

LEL-Lower Explosive Limit

110. Which type of vessel used for storing concentrate acid?

(A) Glass tank (B) Stan less steel (C) Rubber line vessel (D) Mild steel

111. Difference between mild and stainless steel.

The most basic difference between mild steel and stain less steel is in their composition.

-Mild Steel is made from a combination iron and carbon. It is most suitable in the construction industry and for making heavy equipment.

-Stainless steel made from a combination of chromium and iron. The resulting metal is anticorrosive and resistant to rusting.

112. Define: - Isomer, Isotopes, Isobar.

Isomer: - Compound having same molecular formula but different molecular structure or different arrangement of atom and group this phenomenon is isomerism.

Isotopes: - Two or more atom of same element has same atomic number but different atomic weight.

Ex: - 1H1,1H2, C12, C13

Isobar: - Two or more atom of same element has same atomic weight but different atomic number.

Ex:- 1H1,2H1.

113. Define: - Electronegativity and Bond.

Electronegativity: - Tendency of any atom to attract bonding electron towards itself.

Bond: - The linkage between atom in molecules.

114. Screening of particles Depends on…

(A) Size of particles (B) Density of particles (C) Viscosity

115. 5S is ….…. Management system.

(A) Work place (B) Environment (C) Quality

116. When the volatility difference between two components is very less which types distillation use? Why?

Extractive distillation or azeotropic distillation are used depending upon nature of the liquid mixture.

117. What is quantum energy?

An energy required to break the bond between an atom or an element.

118. What is buffer Solution?

A solution that shows resistance towards change in PH value. Basically it is either made of a weak acid and a conjugate base or a weak base and a conjugate acid.

119. Friedel craft reaction does not take place in the presence of catalyst.

(A) AlCl3 (B)FeCl3 (C)NaOH (D)BF3

120. Define Validation.

Validation is the process of establishing documentary evidence demonstrating that a procedure, process or activity carried out in production of testing maintains the desired level of compliance at all stages.

121. Which gas was leak in Bhopal? Chemical structure of gas.

The name of gas methyl isocyanate (MIC)

H3C

N=C=O

122. How to make 50% H2SO4?

To add 50ml H2SO4 in 50ml Water.

123. Which is more acidic: H2SO4 or HNO3? Why?

H2SO4

H2SO4 is contain 2H+ ion. When H2SO4dissolve in water it’s give 2H+ ion due to the ionization it’s get acidic.

124. Why atomizer is used in spray dryer?

Atomizer is device which convert the liquid into tiny droplets.

126. Define: - Diffusivity.

The ratio of the flux to corresponding concentration gradient.

Unit is m2/sec.

127. Define: - partial pressure?

The pressure of component gas that is present in mixture of gases.

the total pressure of mixture of gases = partial pressure of the component gas which are present in mixture of gas.

128. Define: - vapour pressure.

The pressure exhibited by vapour on liquid or solid surface is known as vapour pressure.

129. Which gas occupied maximum percentage in air?

Nitrogen- 78%

Oxygen- 21%

Other gases-1%

Batch process

 Concentration of Feed is decreasing with time

 Feed will not continuously charge.

 Labor requirement is more.

 Time must be require.

 Generally used for small scale production.

 Manually operate.

Continuous process

 Concentration of Feed is remain constant with time

 Feed is continuously charge

 from one side and come out

 from other side.

 Time is not require.

 Labor requirement comparatively less

 Automatically operate.

HR QUESTIONS

1. As a team leader the team is not working according to your command. What should you do?

(A) Change the member who don’t listen

(B) Shouted to the team by giving example of other

(C) Try to find out problem of team member

(D) Leave the team and go

2. If you are work under pressure? What you do?

(A) Start the work but will not complete

(B) Straight way to NO

(C) Divide the work to the worker so that work can be completed

(D) No, but mutual understanding you will do the work

3. Your salary is less than your colleague? What should you do?

(A) Discuss with your Manager

(B) Leave the organization

(C) Never compare the salary

(D) Stop talking with

4. In a meeting you give suggestion to your boss but your boss rejected your suggestion?

(A) Argue with your boss a prove point

(B) Discuss a point with boss angrily

(C) Come out and discuss the negative point about the boss

(D) To convince the boss to understand his ideas.

5. You are given a work which not listed in a duty What would you do?

(A) Do the work

(B) Ruff use to work

(C) Say yes, but not will do

(D) Give that work to some buddy else

6. You are incharge and person working under you drains the product, what will be your action?

7. What are your strengths?

8. What are your weaknesses?

9. What do you know about this organization?

10. Do you have any questions for me?

11. Why do u want to join this company?

12. Give any 2 significant achievements in your personal life.

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